Valve components

ABSTRACT

THIS INVENTION RELATES TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VALVE SYSTEM COMPONENTS WHICH ARE EXPOSED TO EXHAUST GAS AND MUST BE RESISTANT TO OXIDATION, SULFIDATION AND THE EFFECTS OF LEAD COMPOUNDS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. A TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF SUCH A COMPONENT IS 20% CHROMIUM, 5.5% ALUMINUM, 2.5% TITANIUM, 7.5% IRON, 0.15% CARBON, REMAINDER NICKEL.

March 5, 1974 DAVlEs ETAL 3,795,510

VALVE COMPONENTS Filed Nov. 21 1968 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 i W How W .0 l S83E18 O'IHIA RICHARD G DAV/ES THOMAS L. JOHNSTON INVENTORS' y W ATTORNEYS March 5, 1974 DAVlEs ETAL VALVE COMPONENTS 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 21 1968 m fir E WM N M Z J T 2 & T 0 A PM E A C0 NA /H S 00 RT m M L N L A R E H T 0 FORD ALLOY- AS CAST "moo 750 FIG. 2

w m m m m a s 4 z 0 0; G E0000; wmDOI OO 2 wmfiEhDm mom mwmmkm March 5, 1974 DAVIES EI'AL 3,795,510

VALVE COMPONENTS Filed Nov. 21 1968 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 25 PbO CRUCIBLE TEST AT 1675" F &

C i mmw uwfim wan" H m N "mun FIG.3

O 2 w v w 5 O March 5, 1974 w s ETAL VALVE COMPONENTS 4 Sheets-Sheet &

Filed Nov. 21

WEIGHT PERCENT IRON FIG. 4

RICHARD 6. DA V/ES THOMAS L. JOHNSTON INVENTORS 3,795,510 VALVE COMPONENTS Richard G. Davies, Dearborn, and Thomas L. Johnston,

Bloomfield Hills, Mich., assignors to Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.

Filed Nov. 21, 1968, Ser. No. 777,557 Int. Cl. C22c 19/00; F01i 3/.02

US. Cl. 75-171 1 Claim United States Patent 3,795,510 Patented Mar. 5, 1974 "Ice sure. This resistance to lead compound attack is a critical parameter for metals exposed to hot exhaust gas from leaded gasoline.

FIG. 4 has been presented to demonstate that the iron content of the claimed alloys can be increased to about 14% without loss of resistance to lead compound attack. This is economically important as it enables the alloy to be fabricated from more economical alloys such as ferrochromium and ferro-titanium. Iron is, of course, per se the cheapest constituent of the alloy. ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE It is important that these alloys have the maximum This invention relates to internal combustion engine possible amount of gamma prime dissolved in a gamma valve system components which are exposed to exhaust matrix at operating temperature; The amount of gamma gas and must be resistant to oxidation, sulfidation and prime should be at least twenty percent. The presence of the effects of lead compounds at high temperatures. A the titanium in this alloy permits this particular structure typical composition of such a component is chroto be obtained. mium, 5.5% aluminum, 2.5% titanium, 7.5% iron, 0.15% The following table is presented to illustrate the resistcarbon, remainder nickel. ance of a variety of alloys to attack by molten lead oxide.

This invention is predicated upon the discovery that 20 certain quaternary alloys of nickel, chromium, aluminum and titanium possess a combination of qualities highly TABLE 11 desirable in internal combustion engine valve components Composition wt percent Ba1ance Ni which are exposed to exhaust gas and must be resistant to oxidation, sufidation and the efiects of lead compounds 5,235?) at high temperatures. Cr e Al Ti dc l s- Attention is invited to a scholarly dissertation upon the 20 7,1 267 properties of this general type of alloys published in Journal of Metals, October 1956 at pages 1356 to 136 2 2 2 2 by A. Taylor. We have discovered that certain nickel 20 base, chromium, aluminum titanium alloys altered with a 338 $3 {3 as much as 14% iron are particularly attractive as internal 16 combustion engine valve system components. Particular i2 &8 $18 ;;2 reference is had to poppet valve heads and valve seat inserts, both of which are subject to the action of hot ex- 5; i318 21 haust gas contaminated with lead compounds. These alloys 22 4 0 9 are used in the as-cast condition. The cast poppet valve 2 212 jg heads were frictionally welded to a carbon steel valve from to economize the expensive alloying ingredients in the Nom'wAnanoys mmamwls head.

To document the properties of the alloys described in this specification, a typical such alloy designated V270 has been compared in detail with four other commercially We claim as our invention: popular and available high temperature alloys, one an 1. The as-cast nickel base internal combustion engine iron base alloy and the other three nickel base alloys. valve system component consisting essentially of 20% The chemical composition of these alloys are given on the chromium, 5.5% aluminum, 2.5% titanium, 7.5 iron, following table. 0.15% carbon, remainder nickel.

TABLE I Composition of- Alloy C N Mn Cr Co Mo Nb Fe Ti Al Ni Nimonic 80A.-. 0.06 0.10 19.5 1.1 2.5 1.3 Balance Inconel X750..- 0.04 0.70 15.0 .5 0.8 Balance 21-4N 0.53 0.40 9 0 21.0 3.75 lnco 7l3 0.12 12.5 Balance V270 0.15 20 Balance FIG. =1 has been presented to graphically illustrate the superior properties of the claimed alloys as compared to three popular competitive high temperature alloys. Note that the showing to the left of FIG. 1 relates to yield stress at room temperature While the showing to the right is at the much more critical temperature of 1600 R, which is approximately the maximum temperature now contemplated in internal combustion engine valve system components.

FIG. 2 is a comparable showing and relates to the stress required for rupture in 100 hours at 1600" F. The superior properties of the claimed alloys are clearly apparent insofar as creep rupture is concerned.

FIG. 3 relates to the resistance of the alloys to attack by hot lead compounds and is reported in weight loss of a standard specimen in grams per dcm. per hour of expo- References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,515,185 7/1950 Bieber et al. -171 2,766,455 10/1956 Betteridge et al. 75-171 X 3,145,124 8/1964 Hignett et a1 148-162 3,147,155 9/1964 Lamb 148-162 X FOREIGN PATENTS 493,718 6/1953 Canada 75-171 CHARLES N. LOVELL, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 

